8). Jennet in heat kicking approaching jack. It is difficult to pass pipettes or catheters through a narrow speculum and into the cervix. Males pursue the jennet in estrus, sometimes very aggressively, when first introduced. Jennets may cycle throughout the winter. For information regarding their care, see Carolyn's article on Care of the Miniature Donkey" . The testes and the penis of the jack seem to be larger than that of comparably sized horses. The jack therefore selects the best jennet to breed at a particular time. The topics this week will focus on equine reproduction. The jennet is sexually receptive for 5 to 10 days of this period. These organs do the following jobs within your body: They produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and semen (the protective fluid around the sperm). In the present study, we performed a comparative and more accur In the authors opinion to this time, there is no correlation between time to achieve full erection or degree of aggressive breeding behavior and fertility. Young jacks in the wild are the anatomy of the larynx is for naso-gastric tube placement. . This behavior is required for the jack to achieve full erection and breed. Equine anatomy refers to the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses and other equids, including donkeys, and zebras. That is necessary for the health of the donkey In the same way, one species of Glossina will not breed successfully with another species. Ultrasound equipement used for transrectal and transabdominal examinations of the miniature donkey reproductive tract. The toe of the raised hind leg should reach just above the fetlock joint of the other hind leg. Transrectal ultrasound examination is possible with a linear probe taped within a plastic extension (Fig. Juvenile miniature donkey exhibiting flehmen reaction behavior when approaching a jennet in heat. The examiner can follow follicles as they mature and regress, and also identify corpora hemorragica and corpora lutea. Jawing behavior exhibited by jennet in heat being mounted by a jack. Miniature donkey semen is very concentrated (see detailed discussion of Artificial Insemination in Miniature Donkeys). Start studying Intro VT - Horse and Donkey Anatomy Terms - Romich ch 4 & 5. Cardboard and plastic speculums used in miniature donkeys. On the innervation of the donkey testis. Hee Haw Book Service, 1999. Figure 5. Pheromones may be involved in estrus detection by the jack. Epub 2008 Nov 6. Jacks are easy to train for collection. The penis length is approximately 14 to 18 inches when fully erect, and thus a standard equine AV is used for semen collection. A veterinarian can tell the stage of pregnancy very accurately early on using commonly available ultrasound equipment. Radiological anatomy of the donkey's foot: Objective characterisation of the normal and laminitic donkey foot Equine Vet J , 43 ( 2011 ) , pp. A jack will check the herds manure similar to most herd animals. Ample bone, strong and flexible, moderately angulated at stifle and hock. Male Reproductive Anatomy Whats the male reproductive system? The penis length is approximately 14 to 18 inches when fully erect, and thus a standard equine AV is used for semen collection. A male donkey (jack) can be crossed with a female horse to produce a mule. Jennets in estrus kick the jack in the chest on approach when receptive (. The testis of the donkey was used as a model to study age-related changes in the period between puberty and senium. Transabdominal ultrasound is effective at locating the pregnant uterus at approximately 70 to 80 days of gestation. that both the donkey and the horse belong to the same species of animals, differences exist in the anatomy of their urogenital systems. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The ergots of the donkey tend to be more prominent [14] indicated that it is rounded in the bull, ram and stallion. Female miniature donkeys have a 21 to 28 day estrus cycle with obvious behavioral signs when a jack is present. Background In horses, the extracranial and intracranial pathway of the internal carotid artery has been described. Other females (related or not) may interfere with observance of sexual receptivity and breeding. Jennets in estrus will kick jacks in the chest and face if the jack is not careful for several minutes. One jack is turned out with one to ten jennets. This technique is useful to examine for pregnancy and ovarian follicle size (, ). ). 1). The cervix lies on the cranial vaginal floor and has a similar appearance to that of the standard equine. The male reproductive system is a grouping of organs that make up a mans reproductive and urinary systems. Reproductive behaviours Sexual behaviour is often more exaggerated in the donkey and stallion-like behaviour may persist in the male donkey after castration. The male reproductive system is a grouping of organs that make up a mans reproductive and urinary systems. For example, when a male donkey breeds with a mare (female horse), the result is a mule, which is not fertile. The anatomy and histology of the male uterus were studied in the donkey and the horse. 2021 International Veterinary Information Service, All content that was recently added to the IVIS library, The testes are relatively large for the size of the animal (. It is difficult to pass pipettes or catheters through a narrow speculum and into the cervix. A donkey or ass (Equus africanus asinus) is a mammal of the Equidae family. Transrectal examinations are accurate as early as 16 days after breeding. The hair in the ank of the donkey has no upward whorl and the donkey has chestnuts only of the front limbs. Author information: (1)Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Germany. A cardboard equine speculum with 6 inches removed is used for vaginal exams (, ). Some jacks are timid and will not breed when new people are present. Transrectal ultrasound can be used to identify pregnancies as early as 16 days post ovulation. The prostate The extracranial pathway of the internal carotid artery begins at the carotid termination and runs on the dorsal surface of the medial compartment of the guttural pouch. Responsible breeders should always breed for excellent conformation in their foals. Breeding is an important component of the equine industry. Pheromones may be involved in estrus detection by the jack. Transabdominal examinations are easily performed after 70 to 80 days (. Enter sexual selection and it It is currently more difficult to estimate stage of pregnancy after 90 days. . Curly and noodle-like, resembling its tail, the male pig has a notoriously impressive member. Gross Anatomical Study of the Urogenital System of the Indigenous Nigerian Male Donkey (Equus africanus africanus) in Comparison with the Stallion Mai HM* Figure 4. The normal miniature donkey gestation length is 12 to 13 months. Donkeys are very intelligent animals and respond very well to consistent, firm training methods. It can be used to estimate time for breeding and when to stop, and for pregnancy determination starting at approximately 16 days after breeding (Fig. Jack owners most commonly use field breeding. Except where otherwise noted content is available under. 478 - The author has pregnancy ultrasound and reproductive cycle studies pending to refine the diagnostic accuracy. Transrectal ultrasound can be used to identify pregnancies as early as 16 days post ovulation. (Mules will have a half whorl and variable chestnuts.) A veterinarian can tell the stage of pregnancy very accurately early on using commonly available ultrasound equipment. A Zonkey with clearly-striped legs The resulting offspring receive the right genes from the father, they may be viable and fertile though this is a long shot, genetically speaking. 2009 Apr;38(2):133-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00911.x. American Donkey and Mule Society, PO Box 1210, Lewisville, TX 75067 www.lovelongears.com. A 5 MHz linear probe is very adequate for such examinations. The fetal heartbeat may be seen at approximately 25 days of pregnancy. In a horse, this duct is found on the floor of the nostril. The cervical appearance changes with the stage of cycle. Anatomic Differences: Ear length- donkeys>mules>horses Most donkey and many mule withers cannot hold a saddle well Donkey mane and tail hair is stiff Donkey tails have short hair- mules may be more like horses Donkey croup muscles are usually less developed than those of horses. Jawing behavior exhibited by jennet in heat being mounted by a jack. Figure 9. . Wrobel KH(1), Moustafa MN. Receptive jennets also squat, wink the vulva, and urinate in the presence of the jack. They have bodies that are designed to give them both strength and agility. Miniature donkey semen is very concentrated (see detailed discussion of, Transrectal and transabdominal techniques are possible and well tolerated by most jennets without sedation. This is usually accompanied by jawing behavior on the part of the jennet, and vocalization and flehmen reaction on the part of the jack (. Mules and hinnies (usually infertile) are the offspring of donkeys and horses. It is therefore best to guide these instruments with a lubricated, gloved hand in the vagina. This is an overview of the practical aspects of male and female miniature donkey reproduction. for a detailed discussion of reproductive ultrasounds. A 5 MHz linear probe is very adequate for such examinations. The cervix lies on the cranial vaginal floor and has a similar appearance to that of the standard equine. The reproductive anatomy of the male miniature donkey is similar to that for the standard horse. 7). Objective: To find out whether taking images of the male and female genitals during coitus is feasible and to find out whether former and current ideas about the anatomy during sexual intercourse and during female sexual arousal are based on assumptions or on facts. This section was sponsored and content provided by, Chemical and Toxic Skin Disorders - Donkey, Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Pneumonia - Donkey, Chronic Musculoskeletal Problem Management - Donkey, Clinical Examination (Geriatric) - Donkey, Dry Dermatoses (Scaling and Flaking) - Donkey, Epizootic Lymphangitis/Histoplasmosis - Donkey, Genetic and Developmental Skin Disorders - Donkey, Iatrogenic and Idiopathic Skin Disorders - Donkey, Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - Donkey, Oral Cavity Disorders Non-dental - Donkey, Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias, https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Category:Donkey&oldid=60501, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 3.0 License. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, E. africanus.The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least 5000 years. It is with extreme sadness that we share the news that one of WikiVets founders, Nick Short, has passed away. Ultrasound image of a 72 day miniature donkey fetus. Jacks usually calm down after a short time (15 to 30 minutes) and then the muzzle may be removed. The miniature donkey uterine shape and size is similar to the standard size equine. Ultrasound equipement used for transrectal and transabdominal examinations of the miniature donkey reproductive tract. Artificial insemination (AI) is possible with on farm or transported fresh, cooled semen. The Professional adult donkey brain weight was 370 7 g, brain/body weight ratio was 0.27%; cerebellum/brain weight ratio was 10.54%; and pituitary gland/brain weight ratio was 0.38%. Behavioural peculiarities should be taken into consideration when training male jacks for semen collection or breeding to horse mares for mule production. Modern mules are more like horses. Jack owners most commonly use field breeding. Some jennets do not show receptivity when there is no jack present, when nursing a foal, or when another female interferes with the advances of the jack. Transrectal examinations are accurate as early as 16 days after breeding. There are a [12] described the prostate gland as club-shaped in the stallion and Arthur et al. The testes are relatively large for the size of the animal (Fig. Some jennets do not show receptivity when there is no jack present, when nursing a foal, or when another female interferes with the advances of the jack. Jennet in heat kicking approaching jack. Reproductive Disorders. Jennets may back up to the jack after ovulation, but he may not mount if he has already bred the jennet naturally or through collection for artificial insemination. They may bite the neck, back, and hind legs and even draw blood. It can be used to estimate time for breeding and when to stop, and for pregnancy determination starting at approximately 16 days after breeding (. In popular and scientific literature the female donkey is often referred to as the donkey mare, jenny or jennet. The jack therefore selects the best jennet to breed at a particular time. The vagina is approximately 14 inches long in the average miniature donkey. Male uterus in the donkey and horse. They are flexible and they are fast. Key words : Anatomy, donkey, encephalon If you treat a donkey like a horse, you will be disappointed with the results. The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 235 total. Tables are currently under development relating the diameter of conceptus to the stage of pregnancy (authors research project). Our thoughts are with his friends and family at this heartbreaking time. Urogenital systems of two adult male donkeys were studied and the findings compared to that of the stallion. The mule (Equus mulus mulus) is a sterile hybrid domestic animal that results from the breeding of a male donkey (Equus asinus) to a female horse (Equus caballus). Controlled hand or "appointment" breeding allows for recording of exact breeding dates. Some jacks are timid and will not breed when new people are present. Normally, jacks mount jennets a few times before fully erect, and some jacks are very slow to achieve erection (10 to 15 minutes). Figure 8. From the age of 1.5 years to the middle of sexual maturity (5 to 6 years) a number of histophysiological features, all indicative of the spermatogenetic efficiency, increase continuous This technique is not currently used on a widespread basis. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. Relaxation is noted during estrus, along with an increase in vaginal mucus secretions. Although the jack and stallion have the same accessory sex glands, the ampulla is larger in the jack than the stallion. Figure 6. However, Nickel et al. Artificial insemination (AI) is possible with on farm or transported fresh, cooled semen. The examiner can follow follicles as they mature and regress, and also identify corpora hemorragica and corpora lutea. The vagina is approximately 14 inches long in the average miniature donkey. Female receptivity is evidenced by backing up to the jack and making jawing motions with the mouth (Fig. 3). Males pursue the jennet in estrus, sometimes very aggressively, when first introduced. Figure 3. Eighteen day pregnancy in a miniature donkey. ). Some variations met with are described. Juvenile miniature donkey exhibiting flehmen reaction behavior when approaching a jennet in heat. The male donkey is referred to as the donkey stallion, jack or jackass. 9). Donkey, (Equus asinus), also called burro, domestic ass belonging to the horse family, Equidae, and descended from the African wild ass (Equus africanus; see ass).It is known to have been used as a beast of burden since 4000 bce.The average donkey stands 101.6 cm (40 inches) at the shoulder, but different breeds vary greatly. . It is therefore best to guide these instruments with a lubricated, gloved hand in the vagina. Receptive jennets come near a breeding pair to attract the jack. 4). . The ovulatory follicle size is similar to standard size in equines. Gross anatomy of the female genital organs of the domestic donkey (Equus asinus Linn, 1758) Anat Histol Embryol. Receptive jennets come near a breeding pair to attract the jack. The reproductive success of a female donkey is limited by the number of ova she produces and the higher effort she puts into rearing the offspring. Transrectal ultrasound examination is possible with a linear probe taped within a plastic extension (, ). They may be absent or four in number. A donkey has Suggested reading: The Definitive Donkey- A Textbook on the Modern Ass. REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY MALE ANATOMY The genitalia of a full-size donkey is similar to that of the full-size horse. . They are located in the scrotum and are oriented vertically. The cycle length is 21 to 28 days total. Jennets may back up to the jack after ovulation, but he may not mount if he has already bred the jennet naturally or through collection for artificial insemination. Jennets mount each other on occasion, with the estrus jennet on the bottom. This technique is useful to examine for pregnancy and ovarian follicle size (Fig. Some variations met with are described. While 18 inches is the longest pig penis ever observed in nature, their genitalia usually hovers around the 9- to 12-inch range. Design: Observational study. A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse. Male donkeys generally have four canines, but these generally do not fully develop in females. It is currently more difficult to estimate stage of pregnancy after 90 days. Transabdominal ultrasound is effective at locating the pregnant uterus at approximately 70 to 80 days of gestation. A new In this macro-anatomical research, the data was based on direct observations of 14 adult donkey brains 10 male and 4 female. See the section tilted Ultrasound Examination of the Female Miniature Donkey Reproductive Tractfor a detailed discussion of reproductive ultrasounds. Shehata R. The anatomy and histology of the male uterus were studied in the donkey and the horse. A cardboard equine speculum with 6 inches removed is used for vaginal exams (Fig. While all anatomical features of equids are described in the same terms as for other animals by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature in the book Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, there are many horse-specific colloquial terms used by equestrians. The innervation pattern of the adult donkey testis was investigated by The testes of the donkey are relatively large for the size of the animal (Fig. Donkeys present some very striking differences in their reproductive process compared to the horse. 6). 2). Professor Try the Course for Free Transcript Explore our Catalog Join for free and get personalized recommendations, updates and offers. They may bite the neck, back, and hind legs and even draw blood. The male donkey is called the jack. Transrectal and transabdominal techniques are possible and well tolerated by most jennets without sedation. It is easy to teach most jacks to mount without biting the jennet using a chain lead shank over the nose. Nicks dedication and passion for veterinary education were truly inspirational and his very many friends, colleagues and students across the world have lost a true gem. Male pigs are also known to orgasm for up to 30 minutes, adding insult to injury if youre a gilt. The nasolacrimal duct is found in a different location compared to horses. He was an exceptional human being: gentle, good-natured, charming, generous and kind: he has left many legacies which will ensure that he will be remembered for many years. Thereafter the internal carotid artery Reproductive behaviours Sexual behaviour is often more exaggerated in the donkey and stallion-like behaviour may persist in the male donkey after castration. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. Tables are currently under development relating the diameter of conceptus to the stage of pregnancy (authors research project). International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS) is a not-for-profit organization established to provide information to veterinarians, veterinary students, technicians and animal health professionals worldwide using Internet technology. Jacks may be overly aggressive or timid when first training, however, they are fast learners. Normally, jacks mount jennets a few times before fully erect, and some jacks are very slow to achieve erection (10 to 15 minutes). Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound are safe and effective methods for reproductive examinations in miniature donkeys. Jennets in estrus will kick jacks in the chest and face if the jack is not careful for several minutes. Vigorous jerking motions and verbal commands usually result in a quick learning process for the jack. Hutchins, Betsy and Paul. Cheek teeth Vigorous jerking motions and verbal commands usually result in a quick learning process for the jack. Figure 7. Jennets in estrus kick the jack in the chest on approach when receptive (Fig. Setting: University One jennet examined by the author ovulated a 42 mm diameter follicle. the forelock.) The experiment was carried out on the prostate gland of 24 sexually mature apparently healthy male donkeys (5 to 7 years) distributed over the four seasons of the year. In the former it was found complete and long, while in the latter it was incomplete or absent. This page was last edited on 29 April 2010, at 07:54. These differences concern primarily the reproductive physiology. . Would you like to add this to your library? Equine Reproductive Anatomy - Male 10:56 Taught By Chris J. Mortensen, Ph.D. ). The female donkey is often known as a mare or jenny, the male as a donkey stallion or jack. Chromosome differences are usually pretty well known. Purdy SR. Ultrasound Examination of the Female Miniature Donkey. A jack will check the herds manure similar to most herd animals. They are located in the scrotum and are oriented vertically. Eighteen day pregnancy in a miniature donkey. 2). This technique is not currently used on a widespread basis. . Donkeys are very intelligent animals and respond very well to consistent, firm training methods. Ultrasound image of miniature donkey ovary with 3.2 cm follicle. Lactational anestrus (behavioral) occurs in miniature donkeys. In the former it was found complete and long, while in the latter it was incomplete or absent. Jacks usually calm down after a short time (15 to 30 minutes) and then the muzzle may be removed. The horses and donkeys can reproduce themselves together: the child of a stallion and a she-ass (a female donkey) is called a mule, the one of a mare and a jackass (a male donkey) is called a hinny. New England Journal of Large Animal Health 2002; 2(2):75-78. Female receptivity is evidenced by backing up to the jack and making jawing motions with the mouth (, ). Ultrasound image of a 72 day miniature donkey fetus. The penis length is approximately 14 to 18 inches when fully erect, and thus a standard The particular structure unique to the donkey, the pharyngeal recess or diverticulum, is